Gulf Stream and Europe
From Tracers in the sea
Wallace S. Broecker , Tsung-Hung Peng , Zonghong Beng
Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory ,
Columbia University , 1982
Winds no longer have any influence after a depth of 800m , so they cannot be the engine of the deep ocean circulation
These currents are created by the differences in temperature , cold water being denser than hot water , and by the salinity of the water , salt water being denser than fresh water , between the different layers of the ocean water
The deepest currents are called the thermohaline current and those which go higher on the surface are called the thermohaline circulation
Warm surface waters become loaded with salt , due to the evaporation , which tends to make them denser
In Winter , when the pack ice forms , the ice once formed expels the salt which further weighs down the unfrozen water which becomes so dense that it plunges to the depths
The surface currents and the deep currents thus formed are interconnected
To describe this thermohaline circulation , we used the pictorial expression of
Conveyor belt
This clearly defines the transport of the deep water from the Atlantic to the Pacific and its return to the surface
Thanks to the thermal conservation capacity of the water , the Ocean is a huge reservoir of heat
Its thermal inertia being much greater than that of air , it tempers seasonal thermal changes in the air masse s, which would otherwise be much greater
Thus the hot currents of the surface layers can warm the climate of a region
Conversely , the cold waters that rise to the surface moderate the temperature of the waters of the equatorial regions
However , this circulation remains poorly understood because it is difficult to measure
The ocean thus plays an essential role in regulating the climate of our planet and it ensures a transport of heat from the equator to the poles as important as the atmosphere
The Gulf Stream is part of the thermohaline circulation
From the West Indies to the coast of Newfoundland , the Gulf Stream is one of the first currents to have been scientifically studied , because of its importance for the transatlantic navigation
During its journey , it goes from 25 ° to 2 ° C , warming the water and the atmosphere , and charging them with humidity
There are strong turbulences , very strong variations in direction , speed and temperature
The Gulf Stream is an oceanic current which drains warm waters coming from the Equator along the American coast from the Gulf of Mexico and which is pushed by the prevailing winds from the Southwest up to the coasts of Norway causing a softening in this process to the climate of the whole Western Europe
You will notice that the Gulf Stream goes straight to Norway and that Western Europe only gets a leak
And if this leak did not exist , the Winter climate of Lisbon would be that of Washington which is at the same latitude :
1 meter of snow and the Potomac frozen
Ocean currents in north Atlantic , Map from 1943
Source : Ocean Currents and Sea Ice from Atlas of World Maps , US Army
Wikipedia Public Domain : Guérin Nicolas
As you may have noticed , Ocean currents are generally beneficial for the regions they run along
There are many coastal megalithic installations in the world :
Menhirs, cromlechs , dolmens , and so on …
Everywhere these coastal megaliths caused leaks in the thermohaline circulation and thus brought a climatic improvement
These facilities date from -7000 up to -3000 , and they have achieved climatic improvements, and today those that were not destroyed still fulfill this role
Extracts adapted from EARTH IS THE AIM 2 , Atlantean gods
Fantasy is literature :
A beautiful, fantastic story , beautifully written
But like everything , it has a source
A true story :
Traditional , religious or legendary texts
And to make from it a good story , a little philosophy and psychology are needed :
Because indeed , since the beginning of the humanity , that is to say towards -550 000 , the man did not change , it is always the same man , it is always the same animal that uses and abuses from his situation at the top of the predation chain
History of our origins
There’s no smoke without fire !
I am convinced that all traditional , religious or legendary texts are not tales but real stories , adapted or transformed , for a better understanding by the local populations of the period
My investigations have proven to me that all these texts are part of a coherent story that ties in with our known history , at the periods and the places
First the Bible , at its very beginning :
The Genesis
Its exploration brings us to the Chinese legends , which bring us to the Greek mythology
The Greek mythology takes us back to the Egyptian civilization which takes us back to Atlantis and the wars of Atlantis , and particularly to the 2nd Star Wars , known today by the Star Wars saga , which took place in -3800 , inspired by Egyptian hieroglyphic texts dating back over 5000 years
The Egyptian texts bring us to the Mayan sacred books and the Hindu Vedas
All these texts finally bring us back to Persian , Greek and Roman mythology
Then I realized that this whole story only started in -19 338
I missed the story from -550 000 to -19 338
Then I found in the Persian , Greek and Roman mythology , elements to which I had not paid attention and which were supplemented with Native American legends and in particular the Hopi legends
Since the time I was unrolling the thread of this investigation , the story of our origins was finally ( almost ) complete , and I could make a book out of it
EARTH IS THE AIM is the story of the Edenists and the Atlanteans coming from space as gods , and their interaction with humans when they colonized the Earth
The Bible , Pop Wuh , Kojiki , mythology , Chinese legends and all other legendary tales of the world , are the sources of this history
The Easter Island , the pyramids , the menhirs , Atlantis , and many other mysteries , appears us with a new face
This book tells us that in Africa , people used iron 3000 years before the Europeans , that the Mayans and the Hopis were developed and civilized peoples 5000 years ago , and reminds us that the Chinese legends are not tales , but the reality seen by the populations
This book brings coherent explanations to many mysteries of our Earth
The existing theories explaining these mysteries are very often contradicted with each new scientific or archaeological discovery
So far , every new scientific or archaeological discovery has confirmed the theories evoked in this book …
Some of the theories found in this book already exist , but for the first time they are grouped into a sequence and a coherent story
EARTH IS THE AIM , volumes 1 to 7 , author Douglas moonstone :
You can read some extracts in my blog :
You can buy my books here :
Douglas MOONSTONE , French author 